H2O – Hydration to Optimize with a Low Sodium Beverage

Criteri di partecipazione
1. Adult males and females aged 18 to 50 years. 2. Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 25 kg/m² (inclusive). 3. In good health, as determined based on self-reported medical history. 4. Able to understand and sign a written informed consent before enrollment in the study. 5. Willing and able to comply with the requirements for participation in this study. (BASEC)

Criteri di esclusione
1. Any diagnosed past or current medical/surgical condition (e.g., malignancy, kidney disease, liver disease, uncontrolled diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, migraines, and head disorders) and/or psychiatric condition (e.g., depression, psychotic disorders, chronic insomnia, eating disorders), which, in the opinion of the site physician/investigator, could jeopardize the participant's well-being/safety, hinder the participant's compliance with study procedures or their ability to complete the study, and/or could confound the primary objectives of the study. 2. Current use of medications impacting hydration status (e.g., antihypertensive medications, antidiabetic medications, antipsychotics, antidepressants, diuretics, laxatives, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) antagonists, oral corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, anticholinergic medications, or cyclosporine A). 3. Currently following a high-protein diet (1.5 g/kg/BW/day) or a ketogenic diet. 4. Known/suspected food allergy or intolerance to any food (based on self-report). 5. Female participants who are pregnant, breastfeeding, and/or currently lactating (self-report or, in case of doubt, via a urine pregnancy test). 6. Any self-reported chronic alcohol or drug abuse in the past year; specifically, an average alcohol consumption of > 2 standard drinks per day over a week for men, and > 1 standard drink per day over a week for women. A standard drink contains 10-12 g of ethanol, which is 0.3 dl of spirits, 1 dl of wine, or 3 dl of beer. 7. Currently participating in another interventional study. 8. Family or hierarchical relationships with members of the research team. (BASEC)